Brugada pattern unmasked during COVID-19 infection -:A case report.

The current pandemic caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues affecting millions of people worldwide. Various cardiovascular manifestations have been associated with COVID-19 but only a few case reports of Brugada syndrome in acute respiratory syndrome by SARS-CoV-2 were published. The diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment remain a challenge and represent a concern in terms of management in this population. We describe a case of a 66-year-old patient with COVID-19 presenting a coved type-1 Brugada pattern in electrocardiogram. Drug challenge was performed for the diagnosis of Brugada syndrome and electrophysiological study for risk stratification. .

Therapeutic versus prophylactic anticoagulation for patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 and elevated D-dimer concentration (ACTION): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is associated with a prothrombotic state leading to adverse clinical outcomes. Whether therapeutic anticoagulation improves outcomes in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 is unknown. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of therapeutic versus prophylactic anticoagulation in this population. METHODS: We did a pragmatic, open-label (with blinded adjudication), multicentre, randomised, controlled trial, at 31 sites in Brazil. Patients (aged ≥18 years) hospitalised with COVID-19 and elevated D-dimer concentration, and who had COVID-19 symptoms for up to 14 days before randomisation, were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either therapeutic or prophylactic anticoagulation. Therapeutic anticoagulation was in-hospital oral rivaroxaban (20 mg or 15 mg daily) for stable patients, or initial subcutaneous enoxaparin (1 mg/kg twice per day) or intravenous unfractionated heparin (to achieve a 0·3-0·7 IU/mL anti-Xa concentration) for clinically unstable patients, followed by rivaroxaban to day 30. Prophylactic anticoagulation was standard in-hospital enoxaparin or unfractionated heparin. The primary efficacy outcome was a hierarchical analysis of time to death, duration of hospitalisation, or duration of supplemental oxygen to day 30, analysed with the win ratio method (a ratio >1 reflects a better outcome in the therapeutic anticoagulation group) in the intention-to-treat population. The primary safety outcome was major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding through 30 days. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04394377) and is completed. FINDINGS: From June 24, 2020, to Feb 26, 2021, 3331 patients were screened and 615 were randomly allocated (311 [50%] to the therapeutic anticoagulation group and 304 [50%] to the prophylactic anticoagulation group). 576 (94%) were clinically stable and 39 (6%) clinically unstable. One patient, in the therapeutic group, was lost to follow-up because of withdrawal of consent and was not included in the primary analysis. The primary efficacy outcome was not different between patients assigned therapeutic or prophylactic anticoagulation, with 28 899 (34·8%) wins in the therapeutic group and 34 288 (41·3%) in the prophylactic group (win ratio 0·86 [95% CI 0·59-1·22], p=0·40). Consistent results were seen in clinically stable and clinically unstable patients. The primary safety outcome of major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding occurred in 26 (8%) patients assigned therapeutic anticoagulation and seven (2%) assigned prophylactic anticoagulation (relative risk 3·64 [95% CI 1·61-8·27], p=0·0010). Allergic reaction to the study medication occurred in two (1%) patients in the therapeutic anticoagulation group and three (1%) in the prophylactic anticoagulation group. INTERPRETATION: In patients hospitalised with COVID-19 and elevated D-dimer concentration, in-hospital therapeutic anticoagulation with rivaroxaban or enoxaparin followed by rivaroxaban to day 30 did not improve clinical outcomes and increased bleeding compared with prophylactic anticoagulation. Therefore, use of therapeutic-dose rivaroxaban, and other direct oral anticoagulants, should be avoided in these patients in the absence of an evidence-based indication for oral anticoagulation. FUNDING: Coalition COVID-19 Brazil, Bayer SA.

Recommendations for the Post-Mortem Management of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices. / Recomendações para o Manejo de Dispositivos Cardíacos Eletrônicos Implantáveis Post Mortem.

The management of cardiac implantable electronic devices after death has become a source of controversy. There are no uniform recommendations for such management in Brazil; practices rely exclusively on institutional protocols and regional custom. When the cadaver is sent for cremation, it is recommended to remove the device due to the risk of explosion and damage to crematorium equipment, in addition to other precautions. Especially in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, proper guidance and organization of hospital mortuary facilities and funeral services is essential to minimize the flow of people in contact with bodily fluids from individuals who have died with COVID-19. In this context, the Brazilian Society of Cardiac Arrhythmias has prepared this document with practical guidelines, based on international publications and a recommendation issued by the Brazilian Federal Medical Council.

O manejo de dispositivos cardíacos eletrônicos implantáveis de pacientes que evoluem a óbito tem sido motivo de controvérsia. Em nosso meio, não há recomendações uniformes, estando baseadas exclusivamente em protocolos institucionais e em costumes regionais. Quando o cadáver é submetido para cremação, além de outros cuidados, recomenda-se a retirada do dispositivo devido ao risco de explosão e dano do equipamento crematório. Principalmente no contexto da pandemia causada pelo SARS-Cov-2, a orientação e organização de unidades hospitalares e serviços funerários é imprescindível para minimizar o fluxo de pessoas em contato com fluidos corporais de indivíduos falecidos por COVID-19. Nesse sentido, a Sociedade Brasileira de Arritmias Cardíacas elaborou este documento com orientações práticas, tendo como base publicações internacionais e recomendação emitida pelo Conselho Federal de Medicina do Brasil.